removed Bcfg2.Client.XML abstraction layer since we depend directly on lxml.etree

17 files changed, 78 insertions, 112 deletions

diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Frame.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Frame.py
index b456738d0..829d8967e 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Frame.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Frame.py
@@ -472,12 +472,12 @@ class Frame:
 
     def GenerateStats(self):
         """Generate XML summary of execution statistics."""
-        feedback = Bcfg2.Client.XML.Element("upload-statistics")
-        stats = Bcfg2.Client.XML.SubElement(feedback,
-                                            'Statistics',
-                                            total=str(len(self.states)),
-                                            version='2.0',
-                                            revision=self.config.get('revision', '-1'))
+        feedback = lxml.etree.Element("upload-statistics")
+        stats = lxml.etree.SubElement(feedback,
+                                      'Statistics',
+                                      total=str(len(self.states)),
+                                      version='2.0',
+                                      revision=self.config.get('revision', '-1'))
         good_entries = [key for key, val in list(self.states.items()) if val]
         good = len(good_entries)
         stats.set('good', str(good))
@@ -491,13 +491,13 @@ class Frame:
                               (good_entries, "Good"),
                               ([entry for entry in self.states if not \
                                 self.states[entry]], "Bad")]:
-            container = Bcfg2.Client.XML.SubElement(stats, ename)
+            container = lxml.etree.SubElement(stats, ename)
             for item in data:
                 item.set('qtext', '')
                 container.append(item)
                 item.text = None
 
-        timeinfo = Bcfg2.Client.XML.Element("OpStamps")
+        timeinfo = lxml.etree.Element("OpStamps")
         feedback.append(stats)
         for (event, timestamp) in list(self.times.items()):
             timeinfo.set(event, str(timestamp))
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/APT.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/APT.py
index ce7e9701f..c012e9746 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/APT.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/APT.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", "apt API not stable yet",
 import apt.cache
 import os
 import Bcfg2.Client.Tools
+import lxml.etree
 
 class APT(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.Tool):
     """The Debian toolset implements package and service operations and inherits
@@ -83,9 +84,9 @@ class APT(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.Tool):
         else:
             extras = [(p.name, p.installedVersion) for p in self.pkg_cache
                       if p.isInstalled and p.name not in packages]
-        return [Bcfg2.Client.XML.Element('Package', name=name, \
-                                         type='deb', version=version) \
-                                         for (name, version) in extras]
+        return [lxml.etree.Element('Package', name=name,
+                                   type='deb', version=version)
+                for (name, version) in extras]
 
     def VerifyDebsums(self, entry, modlist):
         output = self.cmd.run("%s -as %s" % (self.debsums,
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/Chkconfig.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/Chkconfig.py
index 0169b12da..9d104e2b0 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/Chkconfig.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/Chkconfig.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import os
 
 import Bcfg2.Client.Tools
-import Bcfg2.Client.XML
+import lxml.etree
 
 
 class Chkconfig(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.SvcTool):
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class Chkconfig(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.SvcTool):
         self.logger.debug('Found active services:')
         self.logger.debug(allsrv)
         specified = [srv.get('name') for srv in self.getSupportedEntries()]
-        return [Bcfg2.Client.XML.Element('Service',
-                                         type='chkconfig',
-                                         name=name) \
+        return [lxml.etree.Element('Service',
+                                   type='chkconfig',
+                                   name=name)
                 for name in allsrv if name not in specified]
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/DebInit.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/DebInit.py
index 7d5af1127..f52ca9949 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/DebInit.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/DebInit.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import glob
 import os
 import re
+import lxml.etree
 import Bcfg2.Client.Tools
 
 # Debian squeeze and beyond uses a dependecy based boot sequence
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ class DebInit(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.SvcTool):
                       if self.svcre.match(fname).group('name') not in specified]:
             if name not in extra:
                 extra.append(name)
-        return [Bcfg2.Client.XML.Element('Service', name=name, type='deb') for name \
+        return [lxml.etree.Element('Service', name=name, type='deb') for name \
                 in extra]
 
     def Remove(self, _):
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/POSIX.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/POSIX.py
index 64ea1b3e8..660ed51eb 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/POSIX.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/POSIX.py
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ import shutil
 import stat
 import sys
 import time
+import lxml.etree
 # py3k compatibility
 if sys.hexversion >= 0x03000000:
     unicode = str
 
 import Bcfg2.Client.Tools
 import Bcfg2.Options
-from Bcfg2.Client import XML
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ class POSIX(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.Tool):
                               entry.get('name')
                     nqtext += ":".join(ex_ents)
                     entry.set('qtext', nqtext)
-                    [entry.append(XML.Element('Prune', path=x))
+                    [entry.append(lxml.etree.Element('Prune', path=x))
                      for x in ex_ents]
             except OSError:
                 ex_ents = []
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/RPMng.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/RPMng.py
index 91e2180ae..a7fbc0036 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/RPMng.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/RPMng.py
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 """Bcfg2 Support for RPMS"""
 
-import os.path
+import os
 import rpm
 import rpmtools
+import lxml.etree
 import Bcfg2.Client.Tools
 
 class RPMng(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.PkgTool):
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ class RPMng(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.PkgTool):
         instances = [inst for inst in entry if inst.tag == 'Instance' or inst.tag == 'Package']
         if instances == []:
             # We have an old style no Instance entry. Convert it to new style.
-            instance = Bcfg2.Client.XML.SubElement(entry, 'Package')
+            instance = lxml.etree.SubElement(entry, 'Package')
             for attrib in list(entry.attrib.keys()):
                 instance.attrib[attrib] = entry.attrib[attrib]
             if (self.pkg_checks and
@@ -849,14 +850,14 @@ class RPMng(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.PkgTool):
 
         for (name, instances) in list(self.installed.items()):
             if name not in packages:
-                extra_entry = Bcfg2.Client.XML.Element('Package', name=name, type=self.pkgtype)
+                extra_entry = lxml.etree.Element('Package', name=name, type=self.pkgtype)
                 for installed_inst in instances:
                     if self.setup['extra']:
                         self.logger.info("Extra Package %s %s." % \
                                          (name, self.str_evra(installed_inst)))
-                    tmp_entry = Bcfg2.Client.XML.SubElement(extra_entry, 'Instance', \
-                                     version = installed_inst.get('version'), \
-                                     release = installed_inst.get('release'))
+                    tmp_entry = lxml.etree.SubElement(extra_entry, 'Instance',
+                                                      version = installed_inst.get('version'),
+                                                      release = installed_inst.get('release'))
                     if installed_inst.get('epoch', None) != None:
                         tmp_entry.set('epoch', str(installed_inst.get('epoch')))
                     if installed_inst.get('arch', None) != None:
@@ -873,7 +874,7 @@ class RPMng(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.PkgTool):
 
         """
         name = pkg_entry.get('name')
-        extra_entry = Bcfg2.Client.XML.Element('Package', name=name, type=self.pkgtype)
+        extra_entry = lxml.etree.Element('Package', name=name, type=self.pkgtype)
         instances = [inst for inst in pkg_entry if inst.tag == 'Instance' or inst.tag == 'Package']
         if name in self.installOnlyPkgs:
             for installed_inst in installed_entry:
@@ -887,9 +888,9 @@ class RPMng(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.PkgTool):
                     # Extra package.
                     self.logger.info("Extra InstallOnlyPackage %s %s." % \
                                      (name, self.str_evra(installed_inst)))
-                    tmp_entry = Bcfg2.Client.XML.SubElement(extra_entry, 'Instance', \
-                                     version = installed_inst.get('version'), \
-                                     release = installed_inst.get('release'))
+                    tmp_entry = lxml.etree.SubElement(extra_entry, 'Instance',
+                                                      version = installed_inst.get('version'),
+                                                      release = installed_inst.get('release'))
                     if installed_inst.get('epoch', None) != None:
                         tmp_entry.set('epoch', str(installed_inst.get('epoch')))
                     if installed_inst.get('arch', None) != None:
@@ -906,9 +907,9 @@ class RPMng(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.PkgTool):
                 if not_found:
                     self.logger.info("Extra Normal Package Instance %s %s" % \
                                      (name, self.str_evra(installed_inst)))
-                    tmp_entry = Bcfg2.Client.XML.SubElement(extra_entry, 'Instance', \
-                                     version = installed_inst.get('version'), \
-                                     release = installed_inst.get('release'))
+                    tmp_entry = lxml.etree.SubElement(extra_entry, 'Instance',
+                                                      version = installed_inst.get('version'),
+                                                      release = installed_inst.get('release'))
                     if installed_inst.get('epoch', None) != None:
                         tmp_entry.set('epoch', str(installed_inst.get('epoch')))
                     if installed_inst.get('arch', None) != None:
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/RcUpdate.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/RcUpdate.py
index ddf9c1f2d..e2d7ccfb5 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/RcUpdate.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/RcUpdate.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import os
 import Bcfg2.Client.Tools
-import Bcfg2.Client.XML
+import lxml.etree
 
 
 class RcUpdate(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.SvcTool):
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class RcUpdate(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.SvcTool):
         self.logger.debug('Found active services:')
         self.logger.debug(allsrv)
         specified = [srv.get('name') for srv in self.getSupportedEntries()]
-        return [Bcfg2.Client.XML.Element('Service',
-                                         type='rc-update',
-                                         name=name) \
+        return [lxml.etree.Element('Service',
+                                   type='rc-update',
+                                   name=name)
                 for name in allsrv if name not in specified]
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/SELinux.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/SELinux.py
index 1c0db904b..7785f3dfa 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/SELinux.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/SELinux.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import struct
 import socket
 import selinux
 import seobject
-import Bcfg2.Client.XML
+import lxml.etree
 import Bcfg2.Client.Tools
 import Bcfg2.Client.Tools.POSIX
 
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ class SELinuxEntryHandler(object):
     def key2entry(self, key):
         attrs = self._key2attrs(key)
         attrs["type"] = self.etype
-        return Bcfg2.Client.XML.Element("SELinux", **attrs)
+        return lxml.etree.Element("SELinux", **attrs)
 
     def _args(self, entry, method):
         if hasattr(self, "_%sargs" % method):
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/SMF.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/SMF.py
index 3e0a9da13..fd9747b92 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/SMF.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/SMF.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import glob
 import os
-
+import lxml.etree
 import Bcfg2.Client.Tools
 
 
@@ -128,5 +128,5 @@ class SMF(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.SvcTool):
 
         [allsrv.remove(svc.get('FMRI')) for svc in self.getSupportedEntries() \
          if svc.get("FMRI") in allsrv]
-        return [Bcfg2.Client.XML.Element("Service", type='smf', name=name) \
+        return [lxml.etree.Element("Service", type='smf', name=name) \
                 for name in allsrv]
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/SYSV.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/SYSV.py
index eb4a13dfb..4b83e985c 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/SYSV.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/SYSV.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import tempfile
 
 import Bcfg2.Client.Tools
-import Bcfg2.Client.XML
+import lxml.etree
 
 
 noask = '''
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/Systemd.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/Systemd.py
index a295bc608..b35bff46a 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/Systemd.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/Systemd.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 """This is systemd support."""
 
 import Bcfg2.Client.Tools
-import Bcfg2.Client.XML
 
 class Systemd(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.SvcTool):
     """Systemd support for Bcfg2."""
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/Upstart.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/Upstart.py
index aa5a921a6..ef44fb5fb 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/Upstart.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/Upstart.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import glob
 import re
 
 import Bcfg2.Client.Tools
-import Bcfg2.Client.XML
+import lxml.etree
 
 
 class Upstart(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.SvcTool):
@@ -84,5 +84,5 @@ class Upstart(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.SvcTool):
                      glob.glob("/etc/init/*.conf") \
                      if self.svcre.match(fname).group('name') not in specified]:
             extra.append(name)
-        return [Bcfg2.Client.XML.Element('Service', type='upstart', name=name) \
+        return [lxml.etree.Element('Service', type='upstart', name=name) \
                 for name in extra]
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/YUM24.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/YUM24.py
index 2bc821db3..a2957243b 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/YUM24.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/YUM24.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import copy
 import os.path
 import sys
 import yum
-import Bcfg2.Client.XML
+import lxml.etree
 import Bcfg2.Client.Tools.RPMng
 
 if not hasattr(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.RPMng, 'RPMng'):
@@ -113,10 +113,10 @@ class YUM24(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.RPMng.RPMng):
                     # installed but out of date
                     data.update(self.yum_avail[entry.get('name')])
                 for (arch, (epoch, vers, rel)) in list(data.items()):
-                    x = Bcfg2.Client.XML.SubElement(entry, "Instance",
-                                                    name=entry.get('name'),
-                                                    version=vers, arch=arch,
-                                                    release=rel, epoch=epoch)
+                    x = lxml.etree.SubElement(entry, "Instance",
+                                              name=entry.get('name'),
+                                              version=vers, arch=arch,
+                                              release=rel, epoch=epoch)
                     if 'verify_flags' in entry.attrib:
                         x.set('verify_flags', entry.get('verify_flags'))
                     if 'verify' in entry.attrib:
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/YUMng.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/YUMng.py
index 34029b9fe..230ff4603 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/YUMng.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/YUMng.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import yum.callbacks
 import yum.Errors
 import yum.misc
 import rpmUtils.arch
-import Bcfg2.Client.XML
+import lxml.etree
 import Bcfg2.Client.Tools
 
 def build_yname(pkgname, inst):
@@ -239,10 +239,10 @@ class YUMng(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.PkgTool):
                 # installed but out of date
                 data.update(self.yum_avail[entry.get('name')])
             for (arch, (epoch, vers, rel)) in list(data.items()):
-                x = Bcfg2.Client.XML.SubElement(entry, "Instance",
-                                                name=entry.get('name'),
-                                                version=vers, arch=arch,
-                                                release=rel, epoch=epoch)
+                x = lxml.etree.SubElement(entry, "Instance",
+                                          name=entry.get('name'),
+                                          version=vers, arch=arch,
+                                          release=rel, epoch=epoch)
                 if 'verify_flags' in entry.attrib:
                     x.set('verify_flags', entry.get('verify_flags'))
                 if 'verify' in entry.attrib:
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class YUMng(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.PkgTool):
 
         if instances == []:
             # We have an old style no Instance entry. Convert it to new style.
-            instance = Bcfg2.Client.XML.SubElement(entry, 'Package')
+            instance = lxml.etree.SubElement(entry, 'Package')
             for attrib in list(entry.attrib.keys()):
                 instance.attrib[attrib] = entry.attrib[attrib]
             instances = [instance]
@@ -626,8 +626,8 @@ class YUMng(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.PkgTool):
         if len(POs) == 0:
             return None
         name = entry.get('name')
-        extra_entry = Bcfg2.Client.XML.Element('Package', name=name,
-                                               type=self.pkgtype)
+        extra_entry = lxml.etree.Element('Package', name=name,
+                                         type=self.pkgtype)
         instances = self._buildInstances(entry)
         _POs = [p for p in POs]  # Shallow copy
 
@@ -647,9 +647,9 @@ class YUMng(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.PkgTool):
 
         for p in _POs:
             self.logger.debug("  Extra Instance Found: %s" % str(p))
-            Bcfg2.Client.XML.SubElement(extra_entry, 'Instance',
-                    epoch=p.epoch, name=p.name, version=p.version,
-                    release=p.release, arch=p.arch)
+            lxml.etree.SubElement(extra_entry, 'Instance',
+                                  epoch=p.epoch, name=p.name, version=p.version,
+                                  release=p.release, arch=p.arch)
 
         if _POs == []:
             return None
@@ -663,15 +663,15 @@ class YUMng(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.PkgTool):
 
         for p in list(self.installed.keys()):
             if p not in packages:
-                entry = Bcfg2.Client.XML.Element('Package', name=p,
-                                                 type=self.pkgtype)
+                entry = lxml.etree.Element('Package', name=p,
+                                           type=self.pkgtype)
                 for i in self.installed[p]:
-                    inst = Bcfg2.Client.XML.SubElement(entry,
-                                                       'Instance',
-                                                       epoch=i['epoch'],
-                                                       version=i['version'],
-                                                       release=i['release'],
-                                                       arch=i['arch'])
+                    inst = lxml.etree.SubElement(entry,
+                                                 'Instance',
+                                                 epoch=i['epoch'],
+                                                 version=i['version'],
+                                                 release=i['release'],
+                                                 arch=i['arch'])
 
                 extras.append(entry)
 
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/__init__.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/__init__.py
index e4a0ec220..164a1eaeb 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/__init__.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/__init__.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import sys
 from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
 import time
 
-import Bcfg2.Client.XML
+import lxml.etree
 from Bcfg2.Bcfg2Py3k import input
 
 __all__ = [tool.split('.')[0] \
@@ -290,9 +290,9 @@ class PkgTool(Tool):
         packages = [entry.get('name') for entry in self.getSupportedEntries()]
         extras = [data for data in list(self.installed.items()) \
                   if data[0] not in packages]
-        return [Bcfg2.Client.XML.Element('Package', name=name, \
-                                         type=self.pkgtype, version=version) \
-                                         for (name, version) in extras]
+        return [lxml.etree.Element('Package', name=name,
+                                   type=self.pkgtype, version=version)
+                for (name, version) in extras]
 
 
 class SvcTool(Tool):
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/launchd.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/launchd.py
index 6f08559a2..dc817c89b 100644
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/launchd.py
+++ b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/Tools/launchd.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """launchd support for Bcfg2."""
 
 import os
-
+import lxml.etree
 import Bcfg2.Client.Tools
 
 
@@ -114,10 +114,10 @@ class launchd(Bcfg2.Client.Tools.Tool):
 
         [allsrv.remove(svc) for svc in [entry.get("name") for entry
                                         in self.getSupportedEntries()] if svc in allsrv]
-        return [Bcfg2.Client.XML.Element("Service",
-                                         type='launchd',
-                                         name=name,
-                                         status='on') for name in allsrv]
+        return [lxml.etree.Element("Service",
+                                   type='launchd',
+                                   name=name,
+                                   status='on') for name in allsrv]
 
     def BundleUpdated(self, bundle, states):
         """Reload launchd plist."""
diff --git a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/XML.py b/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/XML.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 858479611..000000000
--- a/src/lib/Bcfg2/Client/XML.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-'''XML lib compatibility layer for the Bcfg2 client'''
-
-# library will use lxml, then builtin xml.etree, then ElementTree
-
-try:
-    from lxml.etree import Element, SubElement, XML, tostring
-    from lxml.etree import XMLSyntaxError as ParseError
-    driver = 'lxml'
-except ImportError:
-    # lxml not available
-    from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError as ParseError
-    try:
-        import xml.etree.ElementTree
-        Element = xml.etree.ElementTree.Element
-        SubElement = xml.etree.ElementTree.SubElement
-        XML = xml.etree.ElementTree.XML
-        def tostring(e, encoding=None, xml_declaration=None):
-            return xml.etree.ElementTree.tostring(e, encoding=encoding)
-        driver = 'etree-py'
-    except ImportError:
-        try:
-            from elementtree.ElementTree import Element, SubElement, XML, tostring
-            driver = 'etree'
-            import elementtree.ElementTree
-            Element = elementtree.ElementTree.Element
-            SubElement = elementtree.ElementTree.SubElement
-            XML = elementtree.ElementTree.XML
-            def tostring(e, encoding=None, xml_declaration=None):
-                return elementtree.ElementTree.tostring(e)
-
-        except ImportError:
-            print("Failed to load lxml, xml.etree and elementtree.ElementTree")
-            print("Cannot continue")
-            raise SystemExit(1)
-
-len([Element, SubElement, XML, tostring, ParseError])